Articles

In this paper, we present the design and development of an explainable user interface for a fake news detection system. The problem of distinguishing real from fake articles gained a lot of popularity in the last few years, mainly due to the soaring diffusion of social networks and internet bots as means for propaganda and disinformation sharing. By leveraging various explainability methods, i.e. feature importance, partial dependence plots and SHAP values, we aim to show how the combination of different techniques embedded in an interactive user interface can lead to enhance trust in a detection system for a non-expert user, such as a fact-checker or a content manager. Through several examples, we describe all the explainability component

This paper discusses drawbacks of the percentile rank method for citation impact normalization which have hitherto been neglected in the bibliometrics literature. The transformation of citation counts to percentile ranks changes ratio scale data into ordinal scale data, for which the notions of the ratio between two values and of the magnitude of a difference between two values are not defined – a substantial loss of information. This distorts citation data particularly severely because the differences between citation counts adjacent in order in publication sets are greater for more highly cited publications and because highly cited publications are more scarce than non-highly cited ones. [...]

In the area of public sector self-management, there is no call for tenders, and public procurement law does not apply. This „principle of the freedom from tender for self-management“ appears directly accessible at first glance. However, the principle is difficult to apply in legal practice. How far it exempts entities within the public sector from competitive tendering is the subject of constant dispute. This is made more difficult by the fact that the principle has not yet had a solid foundation in primary and constitutional law that could guide the discussion about its scope. The article explores the origin of the principle and substantiates it in terms of primary and constitutional law.

This paper studies the evolution of three higher education wage differentials from 1996 to 2019 in Germany. We distinguish between degrees from academic universities, degrees from universities of applied sciences, and the master craftsman\craftswoman certificate. The educational reference category is a standard degree within the German vocational education and training system. Based on samples of male and female workers from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), regression methods show that all three educational wage differentials in 2019 exceeded the ones in 1996. However, workers graduating from universities experienced an inverse u-shape pattern with a maximum of about 0.5 log points around 2012....

The proliferation of quantitative research assessment has been accompanied by an increasing growth and diversification of digital infrastructure for evaluative bibliometrics. Since the beginning of the 2000s, insights into academic performance provided by a variety of new databases and devices significantly exceed the capacities of the former Science Citation Index and embedded metrics. Going beyond the research on the construction, uses, and consequences of bibliometric indicators, we therefore posit that a perspective on bibliometric infrastructure is crucial for understanding how evaluative bibliometrics is put into practice.